[人称代词的句法功能]人称代词的概念及句法功能

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人称代词的用法

1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。

如：I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.

Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.

The boys are students, and they are in the room.

The doy is small. It is Tom's.

2)人称代词的句法功能

A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。

B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。

如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)

She and I are good friends(主语).

Neither she nor I am student.

——I saw the boys this morning.

——Are you sure it was they(表语)?

C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。

如：I saw him at the party(宾语).

I haven't seen them recently.(宾语)

I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语)

=I bought them a book.(间接宾语)

☆注意：

a.在口语中，人称代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。

如：It can't be he/him.

——Is this Mr. Green?

——Yes, this is he/him.

b. 在口语中，当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。

如：

He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。

You know more than she/her.

She is as tall as me(I am).

c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如：

“I like English.” “Me too=I like English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”

——Who did it?

——Them.(=They did it)

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