2015-2016-1《财务管理1》财务分析比率复习重点 根据丹麦IBA教材及讲义整理: (一)获利能力指标 1、 投资回报率 = 税前利润/平均总资产 Return on investment = Profit before interest*100 Average total assets 2、销售利润率 =税前利润/销售收入净额 Profit margin ratio = Profit before interest*100 Net turnover 3、资产周转率 =销售收入净额/平均总资产 Asset turnover ratio = Net turnover Average total assets 4、 净资产报酬率 = 税后利润/平均所有者权益 也称为 权益报酬率 Return on equity = Profit after tax*100 Average owners equity 5、 债务利息率 = 利息费用 /平均总负债 Return on debts = Interest expenses *100 Average total debts (二)盈利能力指标 1、销售利润率 =税前利润/销售收入净额 Profit margin ratio = Profit before interest*100 Net turnover 2、边际贡献率 =边际贡献/销售收入 =(销售收入 – 变动成本总额)/销售收入 Contribution margin = Contribution *100 Total turnover 3、固定成本满足率=边际贡献/固定成本 = (销售收入 – 变动成本总额)/固定成本 Capacity ratio = Contribution Fixed cost 备注:边际贡献 – 固定成本 = 息税前利润 4、指标变化率 =本年某项数据/基年数据 Index figures = The figure for the year *100 The figure for the base year (1)销售收入变化率 =本年销售收入总额/基年销售收入总额 Turnover index figures = The turnover for the year *100 The turnover for the base year (2)变动成本变化率 =本年变动成本总额/基年变动成本 Variable Cost index figures = The Variable Cost for the year *100 The Variable Cost for the base year (3) 固定成本变化率 =本年固定成本总额/基年固定成本 Fixed Cost index figures = The Fixed Cost for the year *100 The Fixed Cost for the base year (三)运营能力指标 1、存货周转率 =生产成本/期末存货 Stock turnover ratio = Production cost Stock at the end of the year 备注:分母常用存货平均数,单位为次数 2、存货周转期 =365/存货周转率 Stock turnover period = 365 / Stock turnover ratio 备注:分子常用360,单位为天数 3、应收账款周转率 = 销售收入/应收账款 Trade debtors turnover ratio = Turnover Debtors 备注:分母常用应收账款平均数,单位为次数 4、应收账款周转期 =365/应收账款周转率 Trade debtors turnover period = 365 / Trade debtors turnover ratio 备注:分子常用360,单位为天数 5、 总资产周转率 =销售收入净额/平均总资产 Asset turnover ratio = Net turnover Average total assets 6、固定资产周转率 =销售收入/固定资产总额 Fixed Asset turnover ratio = Turnover Total fixed assets (四)其他 1、偿债能力比率 = 权益/总资产 或者:净资产/总资产 Solvency = Equity * 100% / Total assets 备注:权益(净资产) = 总资产 – 负债 来自于会计恒等式: 资产 = 负债 + 所有者权益 2、负债比率 = 负债/资本 或者 负债/权益 Gearing Ratio = Creditors/Capital 或者 Debt/Equity 还可称为:D/E ratio 3、流动比率 = 流动资产/流动负债 Current ratio= Current assets*100 Current Liabilities 备注:在大部分行业,该指标维持在2:1的水平比较合适 4、 速动比率 = 速动资产/流动负债 Acid test ratio= Current assets - Stock Short term Liabilities 备注:在大部分行业,该指标维持在1:1的水平比较合适 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/6244c9f5c281e53a5802fffb.html