some measuring over 90 metres是何种用法? 人教版高中英语必修三第五单元课文中有这样的一个句子: It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那儿的湿度很大,所以树都长得特别高,一些高达90多米。有些同学会问:some measuring over 90 metres是哪种用法?为什么用measuring,而不用measured? 其实这是一个“独立主格结构”,分词带着自己的逻辑主语,构成“独立主格结构”。句中 measuring和some (trees)是主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。有些同学误认为用measured,主要是因为没掌握好measure 的用法。 请看measure作动词的用法: (1) vt. 测量; 估量 Let us measure the height of the tree. 让我们测量一下这棵树的高度。 (2) vi.(或linking verb)测量的距离(长度、宽度、数量等)是… The tree measures 30 metres . 这棵树高达30米。 There is a tall tree measuring 30 metres in front of our room. 我们房前有一棵高达30米的树。(现在分词作定语,measuring和tree是主动关系) 我们再来看课文中的句子:It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 句中的measure 是不及物动词(或者系动词),意思是“测量的距离(长度、宽度、数量等)是…”,和其前的逻辑主语some (trees)是主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。 该句除了用“独立主格结构”以外,也可以用并列句式或定语从句,注意句式结构辨析: ①The trees are tall, some measuring 90 metres. (独立主格结构。measuring和some (trees)是主动关系) ②The trees are tall, and some measure 90 metres.(并列句。measure是谓语) ③The trees are tall, and some of them measure 90 metres. (并列句。用人称代词them ,measure是谓语) ④The trees are tall, some of them measuring 90 metres. (独立主格结构。measuring和some of them是主动关系) ⑤The trees are tall, some of which measure 90 metres.(定语从句。用引导词which,measure是谓语) 此外和measure 的用法相同的还有weigh,下面请看weigh的用法: (1)vt. 称…的重量; 权衡 Do you often weigh your baby? 你经常给婴儿称体重吗? (2)vi. (或linking verb)重量是 The baby weighs 8 pounds. 这个婴儿体重是8磅。 She gave birth to a baby weighing 8 pounds. (现在分词作定语) 她生了一个8磅重的婴孩。 The dog gave birth to five little dogs ,some weighing 2 pounds. (独立主格结构) 这只狗产下五只幼崽,有些重达两磅。 高考真题体验: 1.(2010浙江) The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ______less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weighed C. weighed D. weighing 答案D。考查现在分词作定语。句意:交通法则规定,四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。weigh用作vi. (或linking verb),意为“重量是”,和children构成主动关系,因此用现在分词作定语。 2.(2011浙江)Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years. A. having B had C. have D. to have 答案A。 考查独立主格结构。句意:令人惊讶的是,蝙蝠是长寿的动物,有些能活20年左右。some和having是主动关系,因此用现在分词。 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/60b7b2654bfe04a1b0717fd5360cba1aa9118cd4.html