可数与不可数名词
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可数名词和不可数名词 一、名词：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。 名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。 可数名词（Countable Nouns）: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。 名词单数变复数变化如下： ◆ 词尾直接加s如：cat——cats bag——bags day——days ◆ 以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加es如：class——classes, match——matches ,box----- boxes, dish ---- dishes, bus --- buses, peach --- peaches . ◆ 以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i加es. 元音加y 结尾的词直接加s, 如: party----parties city----cities story----stories family---families baby --- babies boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys等. ◆ 以f或 fe结尾的词, 变f或fe 为v, 加 es, 如: wife ---- wives, half---- halves, shelf—shelves, knife --- knives, life---lives, leaf---leaves. 注意特殊情况直接加“s”，要逐个记 chiefs, handkerchiefs , roofs. ◆ 以辅音加 o 结尾的词常加es, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加o结尾直接加s. 如:radios, zoos, pianos, roof 特殊情况: photos ◆ 名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice, ox—oxen. （注意：以下单复同形：deer, sheep, species, means, Chinese, Japanese） 2) 不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns） 不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如：English, air, water, cotton, work„ 不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+OF+名词。如：a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper 不可数名词的类别： ● 食物：food ,salt, bread, rice, beef, meat, pork, butter（黄油）,cream. ● 液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, tea, coke, oil, wine. ● 表示自然现象：snow, ice ,rain, air. ● 其他类：money, news ,homework, housework, advice（意见）,information（信息，资料） time, work , room(空间), music, weather ,space, sand, furniture（家具） 注意：下列词语在不同含义下词性的不同。 chicken 鸡肉（不可数名词） 鸡（可数名词） fish 鱼肉（不可数名词） 鱼的种类（可数名词） room 空间（不可数名词） 房间（可数名词） glass 玻璃（不可数名词） 杯子（可数名词） paper 纸张（不可数名词） 试卷（可数名词） experience 经验（不可数名词） 经历（可数名词） 注意事项： 1．不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用a/an但可用the，或不用冠词，如：bread is the usual breakfast. 2．虽然不可数名词没有复数变化，但量词超过一时要加复数。 如：three cups of coffee, five bottles of water 3．有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：ten bags of rice---- ten baskets of eggs 跟踪练习 一、找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式： In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!” 二、找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式： homework ______half _____ advice______ money ______knowledge ______boot _____ blood ______ music _____ chicken ________heat _____mouth ______ bread _______ information ______milk _____cow _______tear ______ 三、选择填空： 1．The deer has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 2．Her two brothers are both ______. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens 3．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans 4．Two ______ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors 5．Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 6．The _____ has two ______. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 7．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men 9．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 10. The cat caught two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 11.The boys have got ______ already. A． bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 12. The old man wants______ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 13. There _____some in the river. A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish 14. Our English teacher often gives us ______in English by e-mail. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information 15.I would like to have ______. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks 16.What are you listening to, Jack? ______or______? A.Music, a news B. Music, news C. Musics, news D. Music, newes 17.I have ______to do on Sundays. A. many housework B. much housework C. many houseworks D. much houseworks 18. Many farmers have got lots of _____and got much money by selling the______. A. cow, beef B. cows, beef C. cow, beefs D. cows, beefs 19.---Would you like some______? ---Oh, yes, just a little. A. milk B. apple C. pears D. news 20.How wonderful! The ______is made of______. A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses 四、翻译下面的短语。 1.一些苹果汁_______ 2.一些牛奶______3.一些绵羊______ 4.一些新闻______ 5.一些好主意_______ 6.一些牙刷______ 7.一些家庭作业______8.一些纸______ 9.一些玻璃______ 10.一些牛肉______ 11.一些音乐______ 12.一些报纸 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/3c84065ac4da50e2524de518964bcf84b8d52d47.html