与“新空气质量标准”的亲密接触：什么是PM2.5？ 近来，空气质量的话题是闹得沸沸扬扬，先有美国大使馆与北京气象局对空气污染程度各执一词，后有空气质量评价标准之大讨论。其中的关键都在于这个PM2.5的指标上，那么，PM2.5到底是何方神圣？和我们普通老百姓又有什么关系呢？ 什么是PM2.5？最主要的空气污染源（airpollution source）。 颗粒空气污染物（particulate pollutants）:细菌（germ）、微粒（particulate）、花粉（pollen）、烟尘（soot）、病毒（virus）等 气态空气污染物（gaseous pollutants):气味（smell）、甲醛（methanal）、农药（pesticide）、交通和工业废气（traffic and industrial waste gas）等 呼吸器官（respiratory organs）,（potential threat）。 所以，PM就是Particulate Matter，悬浮颗粒。PM10就是直径在2.5-10微米之间的颗粒物。PM2.5就是直径小于2.5微米的超细颗粒物。 AQI就是Air Quality Index API就是Air Pollution Index，空气污染指数 新闻词汇盘点：空气污染报道的6大高频词 1. hazardous/hazard 危险的 北京的空气污染指数在周一达到了“危险”级别。 长期暴露在悬浮颗粒，尤其是直径小于2.5微米的微粒（PM2.5）之中是对健康的严重危害。 BBC 标题：Beijing Air Pollution Soars to Hazard Level 2. smog 烟雾 污染物使得上海周边的省份也被烟雾笼罩。 英国每日电讯报标题：Beijing Choked by Third Day of Hazardous Smog 3. choke （使）窒息 浓霾持续覆盖着中国多个省市，多地居民感到呼吸困难。 CNN标题：Beijing Residents Choke in Record Smog Levels 4. engulf 吞没 污染将会席卷北京，直到周三才会有所好转。 彭博社标题：Beijing Orders Official Cars Off Road as Smog Engulfs City 5. off the charts/off the index 爆表，超出指数范围，打破记录 爆表是形容空气质量指数过高，按照新空气质量标准，将空气质量分为6个级别，最高级别为严重污染，就是空气质量大于300即是严重污染。1月12日，北京PM2.5指数达750濒临“爆表”，空气质量持续六级严重污染。 这周末北京的污染级别真的已经爆表了。 英国泰晤士报标题：China's Air Pollution Goes Off the Charts 6. curb 控制 北京为控制污染要求政府车辆不上路行驶。 英国卫报标题：Beijing Authorities Act to Curb Emissions as Air Pollution Hits Record Level 细数5大空气污染源 1. Power Generation 发电污染 fossil fuel power stations 化石燃料发电站 Although fossil fuel power plants are the major source of industrial air pollution in many countries 2. Other Industry and waste disposal 其他工业和废物污染源 All industry and many businesses, large and small, can be significant local sources of a wide range of air pollutants. 所有工业以及其他很多行业，无论大小，都有可能成为当地各种类型空气污染的源头。 All waste has the potential to affect the environment adversely by contaminating the air, soil or water. Poorly managed waste disposal sites (landfill or incineration) can also pose a danger to public health, through all these routes. 所有的废弃物都有可能对环境产生不利影响，污染空气、土壤和水质。如果不对废物处理处（垃圾填埋场或焚烧厂）善加处理，这些废物也有可能通过各种途径对公众的健康造成影响。 3. Road Transport 道路交通污染 Air pollution from motor vehicles has, in many countries, replaced coal smoke as the major cause for concern; and the continuing growth in vehicle use means that efforts to reduce emissions from individual vehicles are in danger of being overtaken by increases in the volume of traffic. 机动车辆造成的空气污染在很多国家都已经超过了煤烟，成为了最大的空气污染源。持续增加的车辆使用数量也意味着：减少单部车辆排放的速度已经快要赶不上车流量增加的速度了。 4. Domestic Sources 生活污染源 As temperatures across the region plummeted, domestic burning of coal across northern China becomes the primary source of air pollution. 5. Agriculture 农业污染 methane is also emitted by cattle and other ruminants; nitrous oxide and methane are of course both greenhouse gases. 牛和其他反刍动物还会排放甲烷，而一氧化二氮和甲烷都是温室气体。 The pollution problem in China. Admittedly, the pollution in China is severe. But unfortunately I have to say it goes hand in hand with the economic development of a country. Similar happened in the UK and the US in 19th centry and 20th centry. Obviously, there are many countries’ economy are partly depending on exporting to China now, and this dependence would go deeper. So I should say that you wish us could buy more products from your country. So your country is also a part of cause for China’s pollution problem. No doubt I agree that we, especially our government could put more effort on dealing with it. After all, it is mostly related with our own health. The methane that has been created by the meat industry is more than what has been produced by the car industry. 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/2793785b02768e9951e738c3.html