上海牛津版6B语法-时态讲解及提升练习 一般过去时 I. 一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, yesterday等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。 例如: ①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。 ①Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。 II. 动词过去式的构成: (1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则: ①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。 ①以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。 ①末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。 如:stop-stopped。 ①末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。 如:study-studied。 (2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。 过去进行时 I. 结构 was/were +doing (现在分词) II. 用法 1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例如: 1 We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如: What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么?(介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点) 3. 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如: While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行) 4. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如: 误:I was knowing the answer. 正:I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 误:I wasn't understanding him. 正:I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 一般将来时 2 一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如: What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么? 表示将来时间的几种常见方法 英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形”表示半来时态外,还可以用“be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测: We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算) I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测) 注:be going to 后接动词go和come时,通常直接改用其进行时态: Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去? 现在完成时 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:have/has + done 4 .否定形式:have/has + not +done. 它主要适用于下面的几种情况: 1表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。 She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。 2表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗? 3表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 3 本文来源:https://www.wddqw.com/doc/1397caf55a0216fc700abb68a98271fe910eafb7.html