石油人论坛：2008中国石油职称英语培训笔记第45课 1. other than =except不同于 I have not studied foreign languages other than English. 除了英语外，我没学过其他外语。 Sales promotion consists of those promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity. 产品促销指的是不同于广告、个人销售和宣传的推销活动 2．Consist of （整体consist of 组成部分，部分constitute=compose整体） Sales promotion consists of those promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity产品促销指的是不同于广告、个人销售和宣传的推销活动 The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. 内耳由脆弱的薄膜构成，它承载着密集的由被称作斑疹的特殊细胞构成的片。 It's difficult to divine what constitutes an appropriate tip in any country. 知道在每一个国家该给多少小费并不容易。 The next largest group of Americans trace their ancestry to Africa, black people now constitute over 11 percent of the population. 美国第二大族群的祖先可追溯到非洲；黑人现在占美国人口的百分之十一。 3. encompass 包含 Promotion is a broad term that encompasses sales promotion as well as the other three promotional activities. 推销是一个广义的概念，它包括促销以及其他三种推销活动。 supplement补充/complement完成/accomplishment完成、实现;成就The accomplishment of his purpose took three months.他用了三个月的时间达到了他的目的。 One can lead a life rich in satisfaction and accomplishment without becoming rich financially一个人虽然金钱上不富有，但可以生活得满意而有成就。 Complement of the task完成任务 4. Be restricted to 局限在 First, it makes it clear what is to be exchanged is not restricted to tangible products(goods) but can include concepts and services as well首先，该定义明确了用来交换的不局限于有形产品（货物），而且可以也包括观念和服务。 Sales promotion is not restricted to the stimulation of demand at the consumer level. 促销不仅局限于拉动消费者的需求 本文来源：https://www.wddqw.com/doc/01af2b7f87c24028915fc375.html