[新概念第二册自学导读 pdf]新概念第二册自学导读Lessons68

副标题:新概念第二册自学导读Lessons68

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课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿过马路以便避开他,但他看到我并朝我跑过来。

(1)avoid 以及本课中出现的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等动词后面只跟名词性的宾语,即只跟名词或动名词:

They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.

他们设法躲过了一起汽车撞车事故/避免了将车撞在墙上。

(2)running 引导的是分词短语,作状语,修饰 came,表示伴随状况:

She ran after the thief shouting out for help.

她一边追赶小偷,一边大声喊叫求助。

2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再装做没看见他已是没有用了……

这句话中,it是先行主语,真正的主语是 pretending 引导的动名词短语。It is (of) no use doing…是个固定结构(其中的 of可省略),表示“做……也是徒劳的/无益的”:

It is (of) no use worrying about your family.

为你的家人担心是无益的。

3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……

no matter可与疑问词 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引导让步从句,表示“无论”:

No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.

无论你到哪里,都无法忘记自己的家。

No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.

无论我说什么,都似乎说得不当。

4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我。

think of在这里的含义是“想出”, way在这里表示“办法”, a way of后面的部分用于修饰 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”时其常用结构为 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略:

I can't prevent you from going if you want to.

你如果想去,我无法阻止。

5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙,是吧?

这是一个附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,是由陈述句后面加简略疑问句构成。陈述句如果是肯定的,则附加疑问句通常用否定形式;陈述句如果是否定的,则附加的疑问句用肯定形式。陈述句中有助动词时,附加疑问句重复其中的助动词;如果没有,则用do的各种形式构成:

John was angry, wasn't he?

约翰生气了,不是吗?(肯定式+否定式)

He hasn't left, has he?

他没走,是吗?(否定式+肯定式)

I can see him, can't I?

我可以见他,不是吗?(情态助动词作助动词)

You like it, don't you?

你喜欢它,不是吗?(没有助动词时加do)

6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行吗?

(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一个用来表示客气的请求或征求意见的结构,其中可以用if引导的从句或动名词结构。表示“同意/不介意”时,用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”来回答;不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法,如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答,不用“yes, I do”:

(2)如果动名词的动作执行者与句子的主语不一致时,它前面可以加所有格形容词或宾格代词,作为动名词的逻辑主语(cf. 本课语法):

I hope you won't mind my staying here.

我希望你不介意我呆在这儿。

语法 Grammar in use

动名词的一些用法

(1)在第20课的语法中,我们学习了动名词的基本形式和作用,在第44课的语法中,我们学习了动名词用于某些短语动词

(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的动词(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式与动名词的区别以及 need 和want之后动名词的用法等:

I like watching TV.

我喜欢看电视。(一般行为)

I'd like to watch TV.

我(现在)想看电视。(特定)

The strap needs mending.

这提包带需要修理。(动名词在这里有被动的含义)

(2)有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。这些动词包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意),suggest, stand(容忍)等:

I tried to avoid meeting him.

我试图避开他。

I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.

我就怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯。

I haven't finished speaking yet.

我还没有说完。

(3)有些结构通常要接动名词,如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等:

I'm busy making meat pies.

我正忙着做肉馅饼。

A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.

一架状况尚好的兰开斯特轰炸机值得抢救。

He insisted on paying.

他坚持要付钱。

I'm interested in acting.

我对表演感兴趣。

(4)动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语(即动作执行者,而不是句子的主语):

He insisted on my paying the bill.

他坚持要我付账。

I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.

我不认为孩子们喜欢你/他/约翰唱的歌。

Please excuse his not writing to you.

请原谅他没有给你写信。

Do you mind my smoking?

我可以抽烟吗?

Do you mind opening/my opening the door?

你/我可以开门吗?

(5)come和go之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等),表示建议、邀请或叙事:

Why don't we go swimming?

为什么我们不去游泳呢?

Come dancing this evening.

今晚来跳舞吧。

Yesterday we went fishing.

昨天我们去钓鱼了。

(6)感知动词(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构,也可以跟宾语加不带to的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生,用于叙述中时使人身临其境;不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大,可以互相替换使用。试比较:

I watched him climb/climbing the tree.

我看到他爬树了。(区别不大)

词汇学习 Word study

1.fancy vt.

(1)设想,想像:

Fancy meeting you here!

想不到在这儿见到你!

Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!

真想不到伊恩竟会不知道如何回答这样一个简单的问题!

(2)想要,喜欢(往往用于指个人爱好):

I don't fancy going for a walk in the rain.

我不爱在雨中散步。

It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.

天气真好,我想开车去海边。

2.insist vt.,vi.

(1)坚持,坚决认为:

He insisted that he was right.

他坚持他是对的。

He insists on the importance of the meeting.

他强调这个会议的重要性。

(2)坚决主张/要求,一定要:

I insist on speaking to the manager.

我坚决要求/一定要与经理谈话。

My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.

我妻子执意要我理发。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

C (sample sentences)

1 It's no use trying to reason with him.

2 Let's go swimming.

3 Forgive my interrupting you.

4 Do you deny having taken/taking the money?

5 He came rushing towards me.

6 I'm busy writing letters.

7 I always enjoy going to the cinema.

8 Would you mind closing the door, please?

2.多项选择题答案

1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6b

7b 8c 9c 10 c 11a 12a

新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons68.doc

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