2016年英语四级考试:2016英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(6)

实验型文章的做题方法：
　　1、抓住实验代表人物
　　2、抓住实验目的
　　1）通常为实验开始前的动词不定式
　　2）实验目的=实验型文章的主题
　　3、抓住实验结果：实验结果-----直接结果和实验结论
　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
　　21. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _________.
　　A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
　　B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
　　C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
　　D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
　　22. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
　　A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
　　B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
　　C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
　　D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
　　23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
　　A) beat
　　B) envied
　　C) caught up with
　　D) made the best of
　　24. Which of the following statements is true?
　　A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
　　B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
　　C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
　　D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
　　25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
　　A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
　　B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
　　C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
　　D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
　　Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
　　注：1.concentrate 集中注意力 2.第一段交待实验对象，实验目的
　　In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple tests smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
　　注：第一句实验过程即细节，应该速读，第二句实验结果
　　The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.

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