2020英语四级阅读理解真题:2020上半年英语四级阅读理解3篇

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【篇一】2020上半年英语四级阅读理解

　　The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keepthe oil industry under control. A new law limitsexploration to an area south of the southern end ofthe long coastline; production limits have been laiddown (though these have already been raised); andoil companies have not been allowed to employmore than a limited number of foreign workers. Butthe oil industry has a way of getting over suchproblems, and few people believe that theGovernment will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: “We willsoon be changed beyond all recognition.”

　　Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development inthe area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a greatdeal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospitaland a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, andwithin a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

　　The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industriesand the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smallerindustries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

　　The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers andfishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride asessentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oilindustry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

　　1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to

　　[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.

　　[B] slow down the rate of its development.

　　[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.

　　[D] develop more quickly than at present.

　　2. The Norwegian Government has tried to

　　[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.

　　[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.

　　[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.

　　[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.

　　3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to

　　[A] the development of industry.

　　[B] a growth in population.

　　[C] the failure of the development programme.

　　[D] the development of new towns.

　　4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be

　　[A] a large reduction on unemployment.

　　[B] a growth in the tourist industry.

　　[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.

　　[D] the development of a number of service industries.

　　5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because

　　[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.

　　[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.

　　[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.

　　[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人

　　2. coastline 海岸线

　　3. recognition 承认;认识;赞赏

　　4. countryside 乡下;乡民

　　难句译注

　　1. A new law limits exploration to an area southof the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oilcompanies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.

　　【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。

　　【参考译文】一条新的法律限制人们仅在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探考察;规定了石油生产限量(虽然已提高);石油公司雇佣外国工人不许超出限定额。

　　2. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in whichthe service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.

　　【参考译文】由于将近百分之一百就业率，每个人都能看出形式发展中服务行业和旅游 行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业方面去。

　　3. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are animportant part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regardwith pride as essentially Norwegian.

　　【结构简析】复合句。在because状语从句中that是定语从句修饰qualities。

　　【参考译文】虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大多数，可是他们都是人口的重要组成不分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人的基本品质。

　　写作方法与文章大意

　　文章论述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工业”。采用对比写法。先提出政府新政策的种种限制。但石油工业有办法对付。人们都认为限制难以长久。其次讲述，从战时起，挪威政府一直执行开发北极圈北部地区的发展规划，也取得成功。但石油工业已经开始向南方进军，北方政策可能会失败。石油工业之影响超出北方，有些企业缩小，减少。最后一段是讲争论的焦点：石油对挪威生活方式构成了威胁，具体表现在对挪威理想的代表――渔民和农民的威胁。

　　答案详解

　　1. B 减慢发展速率。文章开始就阐明挪威政府正竭尽全力把石油工业控制起来，制定新法律来限制勘探开采，限制产量，限制雇佣外国工人人数。A. 为外国工人提供更多的工作。C.卖掉正在国外生产的石油。D.比现在发展更快。

　　2. D 使石油工业保持在接近现在的规模。A. 鼓励石油公司去发现新石油资源。B.制止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北方的人。C.帮助石油公司解决许多问题。

　　3. C 发展规划的失败。这在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方去，所以不出几年，整个北方政策可能成泡影。”A.工业发展。B.人口增长。D.新城市的发展。文内没有涉及。

　　4. C 现存工业数的减少。第三段开始“可是石油工业的影响并不仅仅限于北方。近百分之一百的就业率，使每个人都见到发展的势头，服务业和旅游业的好多工人转向石油工业。某些较小的工业，在从国外购进货物更便宜的情况下，很可能会全部消失。”这说明工业数减少。A.大大减少失业。B.旅游 行业增长。D.许多服务公司发展。文内没有提。

　　5. B 他们的生活和价值代表了挪威人的理想。A.他们组成了那么大一部分挪威理想。C.他们的工作对挪威社会的其他方面非常有用。D.他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁。最后一段第一句话：“对石油真正的争论点是它对挪威生活方式的一种威胁。”并不是他们认为威胁。

【篇二】2020上半年英语四级阅读理解

　　IS TENCENT one of the world’s greatest internet firms? There are grounds for scepticism. The Chinese gaming and social-media firm started in the same way many local internet firms have: by copying Western success. QQ, its instant-messaging service, was a clone of ICQ, an Israeli invention acquired by AOL of America. And unlike global internet giants such as Google and Twitter, Tencent still makes its money in its protected home market.

　　腾讯是世界上的互联网公司之一吗?有持怀疑态度的理由。这个中国游戏和社交媒体公司跟许多本土互联网公司一样以同样的方式起步：通过抄袭西方的成功模式。腾讯的即时通讯服务QQ是一家被美国AOL收购的以色列发明的ICQ的翻版。而区别于谷歌和twitter等全球互联网巨头，腾讯仍然只在受保护的本土市场圈钱。

　　Yet the Chinese firm’s stockmarket valuation briefly crossed the $100 billion mark this week for the first time. Given that the valuation of Facebook, the world’s leading social-media firm, itself crossed that threshold only a few weeks ago, it is reasonable to wonder whether Tencent is worth so much. However, Tencent now has bigger revenues and profits than Facebook. In the first half of this year Tencent enjoyed revenues of $4.5 billion and gross profits of $2.5 billion, whereas Facebook saw revenues of $3.3 billion and gross profits of $935m.

　　然而，这家中国公司的股市估值这周首次超过了1000亿美元大关。鉴于全球的社交媒体公司facebook的估值只在几周之前才跨过这道门槛，所以换衣腾讯的市值是有道理的。然而，腾讯现在的收入和利润都比facebook多。今年前半年腾讯营收达到45亿美元，而总利润达到25亿美元，而facebook营收只有33亿美元，总利润只有9.35亿美元。

　　The Chinese firm’s market value reflects the phenomenal rise in its share price. A study out this week from the Boston Consulting Group found that Tencent had the highest shareholder total return (share-price appreciation plus dividends) of any large firm globally from 2008 to 2012—topping Amazon and even Apple.

　　这家中国公司的市场价值反映在其股价的惊人崛起上。这周波士顿咨询集团的一项研究发现，自2008年到2012年，在全球所有大公司中，腾讯拥有的股东总回报(股价升值加上分红)，超过了亚马逊甚至苹果。

　　Tencent has created a better business model than its Western peers. Many internet firms build a customer base by giving things away, be they search results or social-networking tools. They then seek to monetise their users, usually turning to online advertising. Google is a glorious example. Other firms try to make e-commerce work. But as the case of revenue-rich but profit-poor Amazon suggests, this can also be a hard slog.

　　腾讯比起西方同行创造了一个更好的商业模式。许多互联网公司基于送给人们东西作为搜索结果或者社交工具来让其成为消费者。他们接着寻求在他们用户身上套现，通常是提供在线广告。谷歌就是一个光辉典范。其他公司尝试电子商务活动。但是收入丰富但是利润甚微的亚马逊表明这也是一条艰难的路。

　　Tencent does give its services away: QQ is used by 800m people, and its WeChat social-networking app (which initially resembled America’s WhatsApp) has several hundred million users. What makes it different from Western rivals is the way it uses these to peddle online games and other revenue-raising offerings.

　　腾讯也给用户提供服务，有8亿人使用QQ，其微信社交应用(最初类似于Whatsapp)有几百万用户。其区别于西方对手的招数在于使用这些工具兜售在线游戏以及其他增加收入的服务。

【篇三】2020上半年英语四级阅读理解

　　Analyse this

　　分析分析

　　The old model of stockmarket research is changing

　　股市研究的旧模式正在改变。

　　Sep 21st 2013 |From the print edition

　　EQUITY research is meant to benefit both providers and recipients. It ought to help investors to allocate money more profitably. And the banks that give their clients free access to research hope that it will help them generate revenues from equity trading. But neither party is much satisfied by the conventional model.

　　股票研究本应发行者和股东双双受益。应该帮助投资者更有利润的分配资金。为客户提供免费研究报告的银行希望这会帮助客户从股权交易中去的收益。但是双方对常规的模式都不满意。

　　Start with the banks. A fall in trading revenues makes the economics of providing research less attractive. Between 2009 and 2013, total equity-trading commissions paid to brokers fell from $13.9 billion to $9.3 billion in America, and from euros 4.2 billion ($5.6 billion) to euros 3 billion in Europe, according to Greenwich Associates, a consultancy. The rise of passive investing and the spread of algorithmic trading have both reduced margins and dampened demand for research produced by and for humans.

　　交易收入的下降使得经济学研究逐渐丧失吸引力。这从银行开始。根据咨询机构Greenwich Associates的数据，在2009年到2013年之间，在美国总股本交易中支付给经纪人的佣金从139亿美元跌到了93亿美元，欧洲则从42亿欧元跌到了30亿欧元。被动投资的兴起以及算法交易的扩张都使得研究资料的利润率下降，需求也有所放缓。

　　Nomura recently slashed its equity-research division to focus on its electronic-trading business, Instinet. Other banks are also cutting back. Global sell-side research budgets fell from a 2007 peak of $8.2 billion to just $4.8 billion in 2013, according to Frost Consulting. Sector coverage has contracted: banks now concentrate on large-cap sectors like oil, where trading volumes and revenue potential are higher.

　　野村最近缩减了其股票研究部门，将注意力集中于电子交易公司Instinet。其他银行也正在削减研究部门。根据弗罗斯特咨询公司的数据，全球出售方的研究经费已经从2007年峰值的82亿美元降到了2013年的48亿美元。研究数据的行业覆盖率叶缩减了，银行现在集中在像原油等大宗商品行业，这些行业的交易量和收益潜力较高。

　　Work has been shovelled to cheaper places to save cash. Much of Citigroup’s American equity coverage is now produced in Buffalo, New York. Deutsche Bank and J.P. Morgan have sent research work as far afield as India. Low-value-added tasks like data-crunching are not the only jobs being shipped out, claims Marc Vollenweider at Evalueserve, an outsourcing specialist. This process has its limits, however: client meetings still wholly happen face to face.

　　工作都转移到了成本更低的地方以节省现金。花旗银行的美国股票报道现在在纽约的布法罗发出。德意志银行和JP摩根已经将研究工作转移到了印度。专业外包公司Evalueserve的Marc Vollenweider表示，不仅仅是像数据运算这些低附加值的任务被转移。但是，这个过程也有其局限性，客户会议仍然全部为面对面会议。

　　The attitude of asset managers is also hardening. With research expenses “bundled” into commissions for executing trades, brokers tend to flood their clients with research reports in order to try to grab a larger slice of trading revenues. Asset managers leave most of them unread. A survey by Britain’s CFA Society found that only 22% of its members thought this model best serves the interests of investors.

　　资产管理公司的态度也在变硬。随着研究经费“捆 绑”到执行交易的佣金中，经纪人往往给他们客户提供大量的研究报告，以此在交易收益中获得更大的比例。资产管理公司的这些材料大都没读过。英国CFA协会进行的一项调查发现，只有22%的成员认为这种模式最符合投资者的利益。

　　Independent research outfits offer an alternative. Though small, their share of the “research vote”, an estimate of market share produced by Greenwich Associates, has grown since 2011. They are untainted by the conflicts of interest that bedevil banks offering research on clients, and that led to a 2003 settlement enforcing stricter separation of investment banking and research in America. In Europe “commission sharing agreements” have grown in popularity since they were introduced in 2003. These unbundle brokers’ commissions into costs for executing trades and costs for research, which clients can use to buy services from third parties.

　　独立研究团队是另一个选择。尽管规模很小，但是据Greenwich Associates的市场份额数据，他们的“研究选择”比例自2011年来有所增长。他们受到长期困扰银行给客户提供调查报告的利益冲突的影响，这导致了在2003年美国出台了针对投资银行和研究机构更严格的分离。在欧洲，“佣金分成协议”自从2003年引入以来，已经变得越来越流行。这些自由的经纪人的佣金用于执行交易和研究的花费，客户可以用来从第三方购买服务。

　　Independent providers do not have an answer to every problem: making research on smaller firms profitable is a perennial issue. But they do offer radically different services from the banks’ unimaginative valuation models. Bespoke services are in demand. Hedge funds now use research dollars to pay for ground surveillance on the progress of mining or oil projects in Africa, in order to value them better. Others take to the sky. RS Metrics, a satellite-intelligence provider, has reported strong demand from the financial sector for its aerial-imaging services. Some funds even hire former intelligence agents, from firms like Business Intelligence Advisors, to test whether corporate bosses are massaging the truth in investor meetings.

　　独立研究提供者不想回答所有问题：研究小公司获利是一个长期的问题。但是，他们确实提供区别于银行缺乏想象力的估值模型之外的完全不同的服务。定制 服务是有需求的。现在，对冲基金运用研究资金支付非洲矿业或石油项目进展的地面监测，为了更好的对这些项目进行估值。其他采取空中监视。RS Metrics是一个卫星情报提供商，该公司表示金融公司对他们的空中成像服务需求强劲。一些基金甚至从类似商业情报顾问的公司雇佣了前情报人员考查公司老板们有没有在投资者会议上说实话。

　　Old-style research is not about to die. Big banks retain 56.2% of the “research vote” (smaller brokers take another large chunk). Bank bosses still value the support research analysts can give their profitable investment-banking and corporate-advisory businesses. But with budgets under pressure and competition growing, the market is becoming more efficient.

　　旧式研究不会消失。大银行的“研究选择”比例仍然在56.2%(稍小的经纪人占了剩下的比例)。银行老板仍人重视支持研究分析给自己投资银行和咨询公司业务带来利润。但是预算压力以及竞争的增加使得市场变得更有效率。

2020上半年英语四级阅读理解3篇.doc

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